Kategori: Ear Nose Throat Diseases

Ear Nose Throat Diseases

Kategoriler
Ear Nose Throat Diseases

Hearing Loss

What is Hearing Loss?

Sound waves collected by the ear canal come to the eardrum from the ear canal and vibrate the eardrum. The vibrations of the membrane are amplified by the ear ossicles and transmitted to the oval window. Sound vibrations in the oval window pass into the fluid in the cochlea. Sound vibrations are transferred from the fluid in the cochlea to the auditory sensory cells and then to the nerves. The sound received by the nerves is transmitted to the brain and hearing is achieved. A perfect human ear hears sounds between 20-20,000 Hz. The human voice is approximately between 500-3000 Hz.

Types of Hearing Loss

Hearing is measured in decibels (dB). Hearing levels between 0-20 dB are considered normal. The percentage expression of hearing loss in decibels is approximately as follows:
* 20-25 dB – 0%
* 30 – dB – 8%
* 35 – dB –
* 45 – dB – 30%
* 55 – dB – 45%
* 65 – dB – 60%
* 75 – dB – 75%
* 85 – dB – 90%

While the outer and middle ear structures transmit sound, the inner ear structures detect sound. While conductive hearing loss occurs in outer and middle ear diseases, nerve type (sensory-neural) hearing loss occurs in inner ear diseases. If the middle and inner ear are affected together, it causes mixed hearing loss.

Conduction Type Loss: It occurs due to factors obstructing the external auditory canal, perforation of the membrane, middle ear infections and diseases of the middle ear ossicles. These are usually recoverable losses.

Sensori Noral Type Loss: It occurs as a result of impaired inner ear blood circulation, increased fluid pressure, or impaired nerve conduction. The most common cause is the deterioration of nerve endings due to aging. Although it is an irreversible loss, it rarely results in deafness.

Hearing Loss in One Ear

Patients with hearing loss in one ear cannot perceive the direction of sound. It becomes difficult to understand sounds and conversations coming from the affected ear, especially in noisy environments. If the loss is conductive type, a good hearing balance is usually achieved with surgery. In cases of nerve-type loss, this balance can be achieved with hearing aids.

Treatment
First of all, with a complete ear, nose and throat examination and hearing test, the cause and type of loss should be revealed and treatment should be planned.

The treatment option may be curative, preventive, adaptive, medical, surgical, or a combination of these. In hearing rehabilitation, lip reading, hearing training, positioning equalization, and hearing aid training can be performed. The method to be chosen is determined by the patient.

Hearing Aids
These are devices that pick up the sound in the environment, amplify it and transfer it to the ear. They are divided into two groups: those used mainly at ear level and those attached to the body. Devices at the ear level are of two types: bone conduction devices and air conduction devices, and air conduction devices are used in three different types: behind the ear, in the ear or in the ear canal. Body-worn devices generally have the ability to increase sound intensity and are preferred in cases of severe hearing loss.

There are devices that are applied to both ears simultaneously. The main advantages of using devices in both ears compared to using them in one ear:
* Provide balanced hearing in which the sound is heard at the same intensity in both ears,
* Enables the perception of the direction of sound,
* Increasing the ability to understand sounds in a noisy environment,
* It is the capacity to increase the intensity of the sound further.

Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY - İşitme Kaybı

Contact


WHATSAPP

The information on this page varies from person to person.
Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY
Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY
Otolaryngologist

Kategoriler
Ear Nose Throat Diseases

Tinnitus

What is Tinnitus?

Tinnitus can also be defined as the patient’s perception of a sound without an acoustic stimulus. This voice can have different tones, features and characters. The sound that is often heard as ringing is sometimes described as humming, bell, wind or whistling, machine noise, rustling, pulse sounds. Tinnitus is considered a symptom rather than a disease and is treated as such. It is the most common symptom of the auditory system. These complaints may be severe enough to cause psychological problems or significantly impair the quality of life, and in some people, tinnitus may come and go within a few minutes.

There is no external sound source that can cause the sound a person hears in tinnitus. Tinnitus is sometimes referred to as a “ghost sound” because it is a sound that is only inside the person’s head and cannot be perceived from the outside. This complaint may follow a debilitating course over time. In some severe cases, the ringing sound can reach levels that drown out environmental sounds. As a result of this situation, the person may be prone to psychiatric disorders such as stress, anxiety and depression.

Tinnitus can be divided into unilateral or bilateral. Another classification is made as objective or subjective tinnitus. The sound caused by tinnitus, called objective tinnitus, can be heard by both the person himself and other people. This condition usually indicates an abnormality with the blood vessels in the ear. In tinnitus, which is caused by vascular origin, a characteristic sound occurs with every beat of the heart.

Objective tinnitus is a rare type of tinnitus. The majority of tinnitus cases are detected as subjective tinnitus. People with subjective tinnitus type tinnitus hear sounds such as buzzing and ringing that can only be perceived by them.

What are the symptoms of tinnitus?

Tinnitus is a condition in which a thin and high-pitched sound is heard in the ear. In tinnitus, which is quite common, a sound similar to a bell is heard. No one other than the patient complaining of subjective tinnitus hears this sound. The frequency of sounds, which can be heard in the form of humming and hissing as well as bells, varies from person to person. In cases of tinnitus, which can be severe in some people, symptoms such as difficulty in concentration and hearing loss may be added to the symptom table. The complaint of tinnitus may be present constantly or it may have a temporary course. In objective tinnitus patients, the resulting sound is rhythmic and heard as wind noise. This sound, which occurs in coordination with heartbeats, is also called pulsatile tinnitus.

In general, the loudness of the sound caused by tinnitus varies throughout the day. The complaint of tinnitus, which is felt more intensely at night due to the decrease in environmental noise, can be severe enough to cause hearing loss in some people. For example, people working in a noisy industrial area experience hearing loss as a result of exposure to a sound of approximately 4000 Hz. These people experience tinnitus at a tone close to the sound frequency they were exposed to after the trauma.

Tinnitus is a common complaint, especially among people serving as military personnel. High noise sources such as gun firing and explosions in working conditions are the main cause of tinnitus in these people. Apart from military personnel, tinnitus may also occur among movie industry workers as a result of close exposure to stage effects.

Apart from hearing loss, increased hearing perception, called hyperacusis, is among the complaints that may accompany tinnitus. In cases of hyperacusis, patients hear sounds such as a door closing, a chair moving, or a book cover closing, very intensely and loudly, and even such normal environmental sounds can become unbearable at times.

What are the causes of tinnitus?

Normal tinnitus lasts less than a week and five minutes. This is a very common situation that everyone experiences from time to time. But pathological tinnitus lasts longer than the specified period. Conditions such as constant tinnitus are often accompanied by hearing loss. Subjective tinnitus heard only by the patient may have many causes. While earwax can cause tinnitus, long-term exposure to loud noise, a foreign object, perforation in the eardrum, otitis media, fluid accumulation in the middle ear, damage to inner ear cells, and hardening of the bones and joints in the middle ear can also cause tinnitus. In addition, hearing loss, allergies, blood pressure changes, Meniere’s disease, diabetes, anemia, menopause, hormone changes, traumas in the head and neck area, thyroid disease.

Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY - Kulak Çınlaması

Contact


WHATSAPP

The information on this page varies from person to person.
Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY
Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY
Otolaryngologist

Kategoriler
Ear Nose Throat Diseases

Vertigo(en)

What is Ear Vertigo?

The first thing to do in diagnosing vertigo is to have the patient describe the feeling he/she feels. Then, tests on the central nervous system and inner ear are performed to find the underlying cause. If insufficiency of blood flow to the brain is suspected, Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, magnetic resonance angiography (MRI) or catheter angiography methods may be applied. Treatment is planned depending on the diagnosis.

Causes of Vertigo

Vertigo is mainly caused by diseases of the central nervous system and inner ear. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of vertigo. In this type of vertigo, severe dizziness is observed that lasts for 15 seconds or a few minutes and usually occurs following the movement of the head. It may occur as a result of shaking the head back and forth or turning over in bed. It is usually seen in the elderly. Respiratory diseases and decreased blood flow to the head area can cause this condition. Although the findings can be disturbing,  BPPV is a benign disorder. It usually does not require treatment. Vertigo should not be confused with classic headache or depression. For example, a person who is dissatisfied with his appearance may think too much about how a hair transplant is done or whether he is suitable for a hair transplant, and may experience the psychological effects of the problems he experiences with his appearance, but any psychological effects do not cause vertigo.

Vertigo may occur as a result of inflammation of the inner ear called labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis. The causative agent is usually viruses. The most common agents are influenza, measles, rubella, herpes, mumps, polio, hepatitis and EBV viruses. Hearing loss may also occur along with dizziness.

Another disease in which vertigo occurs is Meniere’s disease. In Meniere’s disease, in addition to vertigo symptoms, tinnitus and hearing loss are also observed. Meniere’s disease progresses in the form of attacks and periods of remission. Although the cause of the disease is not known exactly, head trauma, viruses, heredity and allergies are among the causes.

Acoustic neuroma is a type of tumor of the nerve tissue of the inner ear. Along with vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss occur.
Vertigo may also occur as a result of occlusion of the brain vessels or brain hemorrhage. Another disease where vertigo occurs is multiple sclerosis (MS).
Vertigo may occur after head trauma and neck injuries. Diabetes, low blood sugar, anxiety and panic disorder are other causes of vertigo.

Vertigo Symptoms

In vertigo, the person has a feeling that he or the people around him are spinning. Vertigo may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abnormal eye movements and sweating. Hearing loss and tinnitus may occur. Visual impairment, difficulty in walking and changes in consciousness may accompany the condition. Problems accompanying vertigo vary depending on the main disease causing vertigo.

When to Consult a Doctor?

If you have the following symptoms along with vertigo, you should consult a doctor immediately:

double vision
speech difficulty
Headache
Weakness in arms and legs
loss of balance
Loss of consciousness

How to Treat Vertigo?

Vertigo treatment is based on the underlying disease. Antibiotics are used if there is a middle ear infection. If there is an infection in the ear that does not heal, surgical treatment may be required. In Menier’s disease, patients are given a salt-free diet and diuretic drugs. In benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), the disease ends spontaneously within a few weeks or months. Physicians can perform some positional maneuvers for the patient in this situation. Inner ear surgery may be considered for patients who do not improve, and rarely for patients who do not improve. Patients with BPPV should avoid sudden head movements, take plenty of rest, and consume plenty of fluids. They should avoid working at height and using dangerous devices. Physical therapy is also used in the treatment of vertigo. It is necessary to stay away from caffeine, tobacco and alcohol during vertigo treatment.

Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY - Vertigo

Contact


WHATSAPP

The information on this page varies from person to person.
Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY
Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY
Otolaryngologist

Kategoriler
Ear Nose Throat Diseases

Ear Diseases

What is Ear Diseases?

Ear; It is a sensory organ roughly divided into three parts: outer ear, inner ear and middle ear. Thanks to the ears, a person can hear sounds coming from outside. In addition, the ear has another important function, such as maintaining body balance. When disorders occur in the ear, problems in this relatively small organ can negatively affect the whole body and significantly reduce the quality of life. For the treatment of diseases that occur in the ear, it is necessary to consult an ear, nose and throat (ENT) doctor.

What are Ear Diseases?

As far as is known today, there are many ear diseases that negatively affect a person’s life. These ear diseases; Tinnitus, otosclerosis, cholesteatoma, external ear infection, middle ear infection, excessive wax formation in the ear, eardrum perforation, vertigo, acoustic neuroma, meniere’s, eczema in the outer ear, ear flu and fluid collection in the ear.

Meniere

Meniere’s disease, also known as inner ear hypertension, is a disease that occurs in the inner ear due to excessive pressure. It is one of the most common inner ear diseases. In people with Meniere’s disease, the structures in the inner ear that are responsible for maintaining balance are damaged. The most common symptoms of this disease are sudden attacks of vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus. The cause of Meniere’s disease is not fully known today, but it is assumed that the disease is triggered by various allergic reactions or infections.

Ear Congestion

In most cases, ear congestion occurs not as a result of a disease, but as a result of the accumulation of ear secretion in the outer ear area. This secreted fluid is mostly automatically expelled by the body. However, this order is disrupted in cases such as the narrow ear canal or a foreign object being inserted into the ear. Especially due to various movements made to clean the ears, the secretion in the ear is actually pushed deeper into the ear, thus creating a blockage in the ear.

If the amount of secretion remaining in the inner part of the person’s ear exceeds a certain limit, conditions such as long-term ear pain, persistent congestion and hearing loss occur. Therefore, when you feel a persistent congestion in the ear, it would be best to consult an ear, nose and throat doctor without delay. The ear, nose and throat doctor will remove the secretion pushed into the inner part of the ear and treat your ear congestion problem.

External Ear Inflammation

External ear infection is a disease caused by bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) that usually enter the ear from dirty water, pools or sea places. This disease, sometimes caused by fungi, is among the outer ear diseases and manifests itself in the form of hearing loss, ear itching, ear swelling, ear redness, ear discharge and persistent severe ear pain.

Although external ear infection is basically caused by fungi and bacteria, it is a disease that can be triggered by various situations such as the thin structure of the inner part of the ear, earwax accumulated for a long time, living in hot and humid climates, and swimming in pools that are not cleaned regularly. Sometimes a yellow and sometimes green discharge is seen in the area where the inflammation occurs, and a bad smell usually comes from the ear area. The person feels that his ear is blocked and feels pain when he puts his hand on the outer part of his ear. Rashes may also appear around the ears. Antibiotic therapy is generally recommended for the treatment of otitis externa. In addition, attempts are made to treat the disease with various painkillers and ear drops.

Middle Ear Inflammation (Otitis Media)

One of the most common middle ear diseases is otitis media. Middle ear infection is a disease that often tends to relapse. Otitis media is a common disease of all ages and genders. The probability of being seen in 1-2 year old babies is much higher than at other ages. The best way to prevent inflammation in the middle ear is ear cleaning. It has been proven that the incidence of otitis media is significantly reduced in people who clean their ears.

When we come to the symptoms of middle ear infection, we encounter symptoms such as severe earache, irritable mood caused by pain, earache that starts when moving to a lying position, high fever and yellow discharge from the ear. If the symptoms of middle ear infection are mild and the person does not have any symptoms of high fever, the inflammation may heal on its own. However, if the disease has not improved after a certain period of time, it is necessary to consult an ear, nose and throat doctor without further delay. Anti-inflammatory antibiotics are usually prescribed for the treatment of the disease. If there is inflammation in the eardrum

Contact


WHATSAPP

The information on this page varies from person to person.
Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY
Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY
Otolaryngologist

Kategoriler
Ear Nose Throat Diseases

Salivary Gland Tumors

What is Salivary Gland Tumors?

The only current treatment for all benign salivary gland tumors is surgical removal. The surgery to be performed to treat the tumor will vary depending on the location of the tumor in the salivary glands, mouth, pharynx or neck.

To explain with examples;

The treatment of Pleomorphic Adenoma or Warthin Tumor located in the superficial lobe of the parotid gland is to remove the tumor along with the surrounding healthy parotid gland superficial tissues.

What needs to be done in a tumor located in the deep lobe of the parotid gland is to first remove the superficial lobe of the gland, expose the facial nerve and its branches, and then remove the tumor deep in these structures without damaging them.

In the treatment of a benign tumor located in the parapharyngeal region, what needs to be done is to reach that area with an incision in the neck and remove the entire tumor.

The treatment of pleomorphic adenoma tumor originating from the submandibular salivary gland is to completely remove that salivary gland along with the tumor. In other words, when it comes to the submandibular salivary gland, the entire gland is often removed along with the tumor.

A pleomorphic adenoma tumor located in the palate is treated by completely removing it along with some healthy tissue around the tumor.

If the tumor has been completely removed and the pathology examination shows that the tumor is benign, no further treatment will be needed. In other words, methods such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy have no place in the treatment of benign tumors.

Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY

Contact


WHATSAPP

The information on this page varies from person to person.
Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY
Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY
Otolaryngologist

Kategoriler
Ear Nose Throat Diseases

Head and Neck Masses

What is Head and Neck Masses?

Differential diagnosis of neck masses requires detailed knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. The aim of the diagnostic approach to patients presenting with a mass in the neck is to reach a diagnosis as quickly and accurately as possible and to avoid harming the patient while doing so.

Unfortunately, there are many wrong practices regarding the approach to neck masses in our country. These patients usually apply to ENT physicians with a biopsy report diagnosis of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Unfortunately, the habit of ‘taking a biopsy immediately from a neck mass’, which was abandoned many years ago abroad, is still very common in our country. Another very common mistake is that patients presenting with a mass in the neck are given antibiotics for weeks, and when the mass does not disappear after a few months and often grows (almost too late), the patient is referred to an ENT physician.

However, patients presenting with complaints of a mass in the neck should first be referred to an ENT physician. After completing a detailed head and neck examination, further examinations, FNAB and, if necessary, open biopsies, these patients should be referred by an ENT physician if they have a disease that concerns other disciplines. The necessity of this approach is based on the following reasons:

A significant proportion of late adult patients over the age of 40 who complain of a neck mass only have a primary head and neck tumor. In a study conducted by Martin and Morfit in 1944, it was determined that 65% of 218 patients who underwent direct lymph node biopsy without any research and were diagnosed with cervical carcinoma had an obvious primary tumor in the head and neck at the time of biopsy. In a study conducted by Martin and Romieu in 1952, it was determined that in a group of 1300 patients with primary head and neck tumors, the presenting complaint of 12.4% of the patients was an asymptomatic neck mass. In another study conducted by Lee and Helmus in 1970, it was stated that the biopsy results of 163 patients over the age of 40 who presented with a neck mass were reported as metastatic carcinoma in 29.4% and lymphoma in 21.4%. These results confirm the fact that “asymmetric lymph node enlargement in the neck in late adulthood should be considered metastatic until proven otherwise.”
Performing a lymph node biopsy without detailed investigation negatively affects the prognosis of the patient in the presence of metastatic carcinoma. In these patients, even with appropriate treatment, the risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis is almost twice as high as in patients who have never had a biopsy. The biopsy incision may be contaminated with tumor or the tumor may spread to surrounding soft tissues. It has been shown by lymphoscintigraphy that biopsy disrupts the lymphatic circulation in the neck. If the biopsy incision is not made from a suitable location, it may make the neck dissection that may be required later on technically difficult. In addition, possible problems such as wound infection and wound necrosis also delay the start of the necessary treatment.
Since the swelling disappears after the biopsy is taken, the patient may believe that he is cured and refuse treatment.
All of these explain why the patient’s first application should be an ENT physician. Only in this way can patient care be provided accurately, quickly and with the lowest morbidity.

Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY

Contact


WHATSAPP

Categories

Specialties

No Content Available
The information on this page varies from person to person.
Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY
Kenan Selçuk TUNCAY
Otolaryngologist